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Vachellia nilotica (L.) P.J.H.Hurter & Mabb., Mabberley's Plant-book, ed. 3 1021 (2008)

Name Status. Accepted Name
Classification. This species contains 9 infraspecific taxa ( subsp. adstringens, subsp. cupressiformis, subsp. hemispherica, subsp. indica, subsp. kraussiana, subsp. leiocarpa, subsp. nilotica, subsp. subalata, subsp. tomentosa)

SYNONYMY

Mimosa nilotica L. (1753) [Basionym]
Acacia nilotica (L.) Willd. ex Delile (1813) [Homotypic synonym]
Gumifera nilotica (L.) Raf. (1838) [Homotypic synonym]
Acacia arabica var. nilotica (L.) Benth. (1842) [Homotypic synonym]
Acacia nilotica H.Karst. (1882) [Isonym]
Acacia nilotica var. genuina Kuntze (1891) [nom. illeg. (superfluous)]
Acacia nilotica var. typica Fiori (1911) [nom. illeg. (superfluous)]
Acacia scorpioides var. nilotica (L.) A.Chev. (1927) [Homotypic synonym]
Acacia nilotica (L.) Willd. ex Delile var. nilotica (1955) [Autonym]
Mimosa scorpoides L. (1753) [Heterotypic synonym]
Acacia scorpoides (L.) W.Wight (1905) [Homotypic synonym]
Acacia scorpioides (L.) W.Wight var. scorpioides (1927) [Autonym]
Mimosa arabica Lam. (1783) [Heterotypic synonym]
Acacia arabica (Lam.) Willd. (1806) [Homotypic synonym]
Acacia arabica (Lam.) Willd. var. arabica (1842) [Autonym]
Gumifera arabica (Lam.) Raf. (1838) [Homotypic synonym]
Acacia vera Willd. (1806) [nom. illeg. (superfluous)]
Gumifera vera (Willd.) Raf. (1838) [Homotypic synonym]
Acacia nilotica var. vera Roberty (1948) [pro parte]
Acacia pseudoarabica Blume ex Miq. (1855) [Heterotypic synonym]
Acacia aegyptiaca Baill. (1863-4) [Nom. invalid.]
Acacia bambolah H.Karst. (1882) [Heterotypic synonym]
Acacia vera Garsault (1764) [Nom. invalid.]
Acacia nilotica sens. Andrews (1952) [Misapplied name]

DISTRIBUTION

[Senegalia (Acacia) nilotica is widespread in tropical and subtropical Africa and Asia, extending as far eastwards as India (Ross 1979: 106). ]

AFRICA [N]: Algeria, Angola, Botswana, Chad, Djibouti, Egypt, Ethiopia, Gambia The, Ghana, Guinea-Brissau, Kenya, Libya, Malawi, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe. ARABIAN PENINSULA [N]: North Yemen, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, South Yemen. AUSTRALIA: New South Wales [I], Northern Territory [Ns], Queensland [Ns], South Australia [Ns], Western Australia [Ns]. CARIBBEAN [I]: Antigua-Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Cuba, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, Puerto Rico, St Barthelemy , St Lucia, St Martin. CENTRAL AMERICA [I]: Mexico. EAST ASIA: China (Province unspecified [C], Hainan [U], Guangdong [U], Yunnan [U]), Taiwan [U]. INDIAN OCEAN [I]: Madagascar, Maldives, Mauritius, Rodrigues. INDIAN SUBCONTINENT: Bangladesh [N], India [N] (Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Delhi, Gujarat, Karnataka, Punjab, West Bengal, Himachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Bihar, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, Dadra-Nagar-Haveli, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Goa, Haryana, Jammu & Kashmir, Kerala, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Sikkim, Tripura, Pondicherry, Daman & Diu), Nepal [N], Pakistan [N], Sri Lanka [I]. NORTH AMERICA [I] (California, Florida). SOUTH AMERICA [I]: Argentina, Bolivia, Ecuador, Peru. SOUTHEAST ASIA: Andaman Islands [I], Indonesia [I] (West Timor), Myanmar [N], Thailand [U], Vietnam [I]. WEST ASIA [N]: Iran, Iraq, Israel, Syria
Abbreviations: [N - Native, I - Introduced, C - Cultivated, U - Uncertain, Ns - ].

TYPE INFORMATION

Type. Based on Mimosa nilotica L.

FURTHER INFORMATION

Seigler et al. (2015) - Taxonomic treatment (unpublished) produced by D. Seigler and colleagues and generously made available to WorldWideWattle in 2015
Kew - Species profile presented on herb. Kew website - Described under the name Acacia nilotica, but noted in text that Vachellia nilotica is the correct name under present Code of Botanical Nomenclature.
Duke (1983) - Handbook of Energy Crops (unpublished) - Description, uses and much more.
Le Houerou - Description, ecology, uses and much more.
Wickens (1995) - Role of Acacia species in the rural economy of dry Africa and the Near East (FAO Conservation Guide 27)
Flora of Australia Online - Access to authoritative botanical profile (often updated from Flora of Australia 2001 treatment) which includes descriptive and associated information, information on names, characteristics, distribution, etc.
FloraBase - Short description, distribution map from WA Herbarium specimens and often photos are provided for Western Australian taxa

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Source: Ross (1979, under Acacia nilotica)

Source: Ross (1979, under Acacia nilotica (subsp. indica is also Introduced in this country, see Ross 1979: 107)

Source: Ross (1979, under Acacia nilotica)

Source: Deshpande et al. (2019: 12); Lock (1989: 72, under Acacia nilotica)

Source: Lock (1989: 72, under Acacia nilotica)

Source: Hurter & Mabberley (2008); Ross 1979: 106, as Acacia nilotica subsp. nilotica)

Source: Brenan (1970, under Acacia nilotica (subsp. indica is also Introduced in this country, see Ross 1979: 107)

Source: Ross (1979, under Acacia nilotica)

Source: Keay (1958, under Acacia nilotica)

Source: Keay (1958, under Acacia nilotica)

Source: Kyalangalilwa et al. (2013: 515); Ross (1979: 108, as Acacia nilotica subsp. leiocarpa)

Source: Ross (1979, under Acacia nilotica)

Source: Ross (1979, under Acacia nilotica)

Source: Ross (1979, under Acacia nilotica)

Source: Lock (1989: 72, under Acacia nilotica)

Source: Keay (1958, under Acacia nilotica)

Source: Ross (1979, under Acacia nilotica)

Source: Ross (1979, under Acacia nilotica)

Source: Kyalangalilwa et al. (2013: 515); Ross (1979: 108, as Acacia nilotica subsp. kraussiana)

Source: Ross (1979, under Acacia nilotica)

Source: Ross (1979, under Acacia nilotica (subsp. indica is also Introduced in this country, see Ross 1979: 107)

Source: Ross (1979, under Acacia nilotica)

Source: Ross (1979, under Acacia nilotica)

Source: Brenan (1970, under Acacia nilotica)

Source: Ross (1979, under Acacia nilotica)

Source: Deshpande et al. (2019); Lock & Simpson (1991: 12, under Acacia nilotica)

Source: Deshpande et al. (2019); Lock & Simpson (1991: 12, under Acacia nilotica)

Source: Deshpande et al. (2019); Lock & Simpson (1991: 12, as Acacia nilotica subsp. indica)

Source: Deshpande et al. (2019); Lock & Simpson (1991: 12, as Acacia nilotica subsp. tomentosa, but not recorded under this name for this country by Roskov et al. 2005)

Source: Deshpande et al. (2019); Lock & Simpson (1991: 12, as Acacia nilotica subsp. nilotica, treated as Introduced in this country by Roskov et al. 2005)

Source: NSW WeedWise website

Source: Fl. Australia 11A: 204 (2001, as Acacia subsp. indica)

Source: Fl. Australia 11A: 204 (2001, as Acacia subsp. indica)

Source: Fl. Australia 11A: 204 (2001, as Acacia subsp. indica)

Source: WorldWideWattle

Source: Rico Arce (2007: 132, as Acacia nilotica)

Source: Rico Arce (2007: 132, as Acacia nilotica)

Source: Rico Arce (2007: 132, as Acacia nilotica)

Source: Rico Arce (2007: 132, as Acacia nilotica)

Source: Rico Arce (2007: 132, as Acacia nilotica)

Source: Rico Arce (2007: 132, as Acacia nilotica)

Source: Rico Arce (2007: 132, as Acacia nilotica)

Source: Rico Arce (2007: 132, as Acacia nilotica)

Source: Rico Arce (2007: 132, as Acacia nilotica)

Source: Rico Arce (2007: 132, as Acacia nilotica)

Source: Rico Arce (2007: 132, as Acacia nilotica)

Source: Rico Arce (2007: 132, as Acacia nilotica)

Source: Rico Arce (2007: 132), as Acacia nilotica

Source: Wu & Nielsen (2010: 55, as Acacia nilotica; rarely cultivated in China)

Notes: Recorded for this area by Huang (1985) but not verified by voucher specimen (BRM, 8/2018)

Notes: Recorded for this area by Huang (1985) but not verified by voucher specimen (BRM, 8/2018)

Notes: Recorded for this area by Wu et al. (1988) but not verified by voucher specimen (BRM, 8/2018)

Notes: Recorded for this area by Huang (1985) but not verified by voucher specimen (BRM, 8/2018)

Source: Deshpande et al. (2019); Du Puy & Villiers (2002: 236, as Acacia nilotica subsp. subulata)

Source: Deshpande et al. (2019)

Source: Deshpande et al. (2019); Polhill (1990under Acacia nilotica)

Source: Deshpande et al. (2019); Polhill (1990under Acacia nilotica)

Source: Deshpande et al. (2019: 12); Khatun (1987, as Acacia nilotica subsp. indica, reference cited in Roskov et al. 2005)

Source: Deshpande et al. (2019); Chakrabarty & Gangopadhyay (1996: 620, as Acacia nilotica subsp. cupressiformis)

Source: Chakrabarty & Gangopadhyay (1996: 620) & Bala et al. (2017), as Acacia nilotica subsp. cupressiformis & subsp. kraussiana respectively, but the second subspecies probably an error for subsp. adstringens)

Source: Deshpande et al. (2019); Kanjilal (1966, as Acacia nilotica subsp. cupressiformis, reference cited in Roskov et al. 2005)

Source: Deshpande et al. (2019); Samvatsar (1996, as Acacia nilotica subsp. cupressiformis, reference cited in Roskov et al. 2005)

Source: Deshpande et al. (2019); Sanjappa (1992: 42, as Acacia nilotica subsp. cupressiformis)

Source: Deshpande et al. (2019); Sanjappa (1992: 42, as Acacia nilotica subsp. indica, reference cited in Roskov et al. 2005)

Source: Deshpande et al. (2019); Sanjappa (1992: 42) & Bala (2017): as Acacia nilotica subsp. cupressiformis by Sanjappa 1992 & subsp. kraussiana by Bala et al. 2017, but the second probably an error for subsp. adstringens

Source: Deshpande et al. (2019); Sanjappa (1992: 42, as Acacia nilotica subsp. indica)

Source: Deshpande et al. (2019); Sanjappa (1992: 42, as Acacia nilotica subsp. cupressiformis, reference cited in Roskov et al. 2005)

Source: Deshpande et al. (2019); Benthall (1946, as Acacia nilotica subsp. indica, reference cited in Roskov et al. 2005)

Source: Deshpande et al. (2019); Chowdhery & Wadhwa (1984, as Acacia nilotica subsp. indica)

Source: Deshpande et al. (2019)

Source: Deshpande et al. (2019); Haines (1908, as Acacia nilotica subsp. indica, reference cited in Roskov et al. 2005)

Source: Deshpande et al. (2019); Haines (1922, as Acacia nilotica subsp. indica, reference cited in Roskov et al. 2005)

Source: Deshpande et al. (2019); Nair & Henry (1983, as Acacia nilotica subsp. indica, reference cited in Roskov et al. 2005)

Source: Deshpande et al. (2019); Rao (1985, as Acacia nilotica subsp. indica, reference cited in Roskov et al. 2005)

Source: Deshpande et al. (2019); Sanjappa (2000, as Acacia nilotica subsp. indica, reference cited in Roskov et al. 2005)

Source: Deshpande et al. (2019); Sanjappa (2000, as Acacia nilotica subsp. indica, reference cited in Roskov et al. 2005)

Source: Deshpande et al. (2019); Sanjappa (2000, as Acacia nilotica subsp. indica, reference cited in Roskov et al. 2005)

Source: Deshpande et al. (2019); Sanjappa (2000, as Acacia nilotica subsp. indica, reference cited in Roskov et al. 2005)

Source: Deshpande et al. (2019); Sanjappa (2000, as Acacia nilotica subsp. indica, reference cited in Roskov et al. 2005)

Source: Deshpande et al. (2019); Sanjappa (2000, as Acacia nilotica subsp. indica, reference cited in Roskov et al. 2005)

Source: Deshpande et al. (2019); Sanjappa (2000, as Acacia nilotica subsp. indica, reference cited in Roskov et al. 2005)

Source: Deshpande et al. (2019); Sanjappa (2000, as Acacia nilotica subsp. indica, reference cited in Roskov et al. 2005)

Source: Deshpande et al. (2019); Sanjappa (2000, as Acacia nilotica subsp. indica, reference cited in Roskov et al. 2005)

Source: Deshpande et al. (2019); Sanjappa (2000, as Acacia nilotica subsp. indica, reference cited in Roskov et al. 2005)

Source: Deshpande et al. (2019); Sanjappa (2000, as Acacia nilotica subsp. indica, reference cited in Roskov et al. 2005)

Source: Deshpande et al. (2019); Sanjappa (2000, as Acacia nilotica subsp. indica, reference cited in Roskov et al. 2005)

Source: Deshpande et al. (2019); Sanjappa (2000, as Acacia nilotica subsp. indica, reference cited in Roskov et al. 2005)

Source: Deshpande et al. (2019); Shrestha (1998, as Acacia nilotica subsp. indica (reference cited in Roskov et al. 2005)

Source: Deshpande et al. (2019); Ali (2014: 2); Ragupathy et al. (2014: 177)

Source: Deshpande et al. (2019); Kostermans (1980: 488, as Acacia nilotica subsp. indica)

Source: Deshpande et al. (2019); Isely (1998, as Acacia nilotica)

Source: Deshpande et al. (2019); Isely (1998, as Acacia nilotica)

Source: Deshpande et al. (2019); Rico Arce (2007: 133, as Acacia nilotica)

Source: Deshpande et al. (2019: 12); Rico Arce (2007: 133, as Acacia nilotica)

Source: Deshpande et al. (2019); Rico Arce (2007: 133, as Acacia nilotica)

Source: Deshpande et al. (2019); Rico Arce (2007: 133, as Acacia nilotica)

Source: Deshpande et al. (2019); Maslin (2015: 248); Lakshminarasimhan (1999: 444, as Acacia nilotica subsp. indica)

Source: WorldWideWattle

Notes: Record based on A.A. Mitchell 5197, probably collected in Indonesian Timor (Ian Cowie, pers. comm.)

Source: Deshpande et al. (2019); Yi (1971: 34, as Acacia arabica)

Notes: Included (under Acacia) in key to Thailand species by Nielsen (1985a), but not verified by voucher specimen (BRM, 8/2018)

Source: Deshpande et al. (2019); Khoi (2003, as Acacia nilotica)

Source: Deshpande et al. (2019); Lock & Simpson (1991: 12, under Acacia nilotica)

Source: Deshpande et al. (2019); Lock & Simpson (1991: 12, under Acacia nilotica)

Source: Deshpande et al. (2019); Lock & Simpson (1991: 12, as Acacia nilotica)

Source: Deshpande et al. (2019); Lock & Simpson (1991: 12, as Acacia nilotica)

Page last updated: Thursday 22 June 2023