Species Introduction

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Vachellia farnesiana (L.) Wight & Arn., Prodr. Fl. Ind. Orient. 1: 272 (1834)

Name Status. Accepted Name
Classification. This species contains 3 infraspecific taxa ( var. farnesiana, var. minuta, var. pinetorum)
Notes. A taxonomic treatment of this species in China is presented in Maslin et al. (2019: 475).

SYNONYMY

Mimosa farnesiana L. (1753) [Basionym]
Mimosa suaveolens Salisb. (1796) [nom. illeg. (homonym)]
Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd. (1806) [Homotypic synonym]
Acacia farnesiana (L.) Wight & Arn. f. farnesiana (1898) [Autonym]
Acacia pharnesiana Risso (1844) [Orthographic variant]
Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd. subsp. farnesiana (2002) [Autonym]
Poponax farnesiana (L.) Raf. (1838) [Homotypic synonym]
Acacia pedunculata Willd. (1806) [Heterotypic synonym]
Mimosa pedunculata (Willd.) Poir. (1810) [Homotypic synonym]
Acacia farnesiana f. pedunculata (Willd.) Kuntze (1898) [Homotypic synonym]
Mimosa indica Desf. ex Pers. (1806) [Heterotypic synonym]
Acacia indica (Desf. ex Pers.) Desv. (1814) [Homotypic synonym]
Acacia acicularis Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. (1809) [Heterotypic synonym]
Mimosa acicularis (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Poir. (1817) [Nom. invalid.]
Acacia edulis Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. (1809) [Heterotypic synonym]
Mimosa edulis (Willd.) Poir. (1817) [Nom. invalid.]
Acacia farnesiana var. curvispina DC. (1825) [Heterotypic synonym]
Acacia farnesiana Wall. (1831-32) [Synonym]
Acacia coriacea Ham. ex Steud. (1841) [nom. illeg. (homonym)]
Acacia ferox M.Martens & Galeotti (1843) [Heterotypic synonym]
Acacia lenticellata F.Muell. (1859) [Heterotypic synonym]
Acacia farnesiana var. lenticellata (F.Muell.) F.M.Bailey (1913) [Homotypic synonym]
Farnesia odora Gasp. (1836) [Heterotypic synonym]
Vachellia densiflora Alexander ex Small (1933) [Heterotypic synonym]
Acacia densiflora (Alexander ex Small) Cory (1936) [nom. illeg. (homonym)]
Acacia smallii Isely (1969) [Replacement name]
Acacia minuta subsp. densiflora R.M.Beauch. (1980) [Homotypic synonym]
Poponax venosa Britton (1936) [Heterotypic synonym]
Vachellia farnesiana (L.) Wight & Arn. f. farnesiana [Autonym]

DISTRIBUTION

Notes. In Yunnan it is widely cultivated, and has become naturalised in places (Sun 2006).

AFRICA [I]: Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Ghana, Libya, Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zimbabwe. ARABIAN PENINSULA [I]: Saudi Arabia. AUSTRALIA [I]: New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia. CARIBBEAN [N]: Antigua-Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Haiti, Jamaica, Martinique, Montserrat, Netherlands Antilles, Puerto Rico, St Kitts-Nevis, St Lucia, St Vincent. CENTRAL AMERICA [N]: Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama. EAST ASIA [I]: China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Henan, Sichuan, Yunnan, Zhejiang, Hong Kong), Ryuku Islands, Taiwan. EUROPE [I]: France, Italy, Sicily, Spain. INDIAN OCEAN: Comoro Is [I], Madagascar [Ns], Maldives [I], Mauritius [I], Reunion Island [I], Rodrigues [I], Seychelles [I]. INDIAN SUBCONTINENT [I]: Bangladesh, Bhutan, India (West Bengal, Odisha, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Nagaland, Goa, Pondicherry, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, Meghalaya, Haryana, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Delhi), Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka. NORTH AMERICA [N] (Arizona, California, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, Texas). PACIFIC OCEAN: Fiji [I], Hawaiian Islands [Ns], Kiribati [I], Mariana Islands [I], Nauru [I]. SOUTH AMERICA [N]: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela. SOUTHEAST ASIA: Andaman Islands [I], Cambodia [I], Indonesia [I] (Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan), Laos [I], Malaysia [I] (Sabah, Peninsular Malaysia), Myanmar [I], Papua New Guinea [I], Philippines [Ns], Thailand [I], Vietnam [I]. WEST ASIA [I]: Afghanistan, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Lebanon, Syria
Abbreviations: [I - Introduced, N - Native, Ns - ].

TYPE INFORMATION

Type. Based on Mimosa farnesiana L.

FURTHER INFORMATION

Seigler et al. (2015) - Taxonomic treatment (unpublished) produced by D. Seigler and colleagues and generously made available to WorldWideWattle in 2015
Flora of Australia Online - Access to authoritative botanical profile (often updated from Flora of Australia 2001 treatment) which includes descriptive and associated information, information on names, characteristics, distribution, etc.
WATTLE - Description, illlustration and map derived mostly from that published in Flora of Australia vols. 11A & 11B (2001). - Described as Acacia farnesiana
Pilbara Wattles - Description, illustration, photos and map
NSW FloraOnline - Botanical profile, photographs and and other information of species in New South Wales (provided by Plant Information Network System of the Botanic Gardens Trust, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia).
Biosecurity Queensland - Information on naturalized occurrence(s)
Weed assessment - Biological & ecological features, weed manangement, relevant links, and more - Information provided by The Global Invasive Species Database which is managed by the Invasive Species Specialist Group (ISSG) of the IUCN Species Survival Commission. Described as Acacia farnesiana
Tropicos - Information-rich resource provided by Missouri Botanic Gardens.
Le Houerou - Description, ecology, weediness, web links and much more. Described as Acacia farnesiana
Plants of Hawaii - Photographs by Forest and Kim Starr - Described as Acacia farnesiana
Duke (1983) - Handbook of Energy Crops (unpublished) - Descripton, uses and much more. Described as Acacia farnesiana
Uni Connecticut - Description & utilisation - Described as Acacia farnesiana

VIEW IMAGE of Vachellia farnesiana

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Source: Hassan & Hamdy (2021: 31)

Notes: This species (as var. farnesiana) was introduced to Egypt a long time ago; now its bark and pods are used for dying and tanning leather, and the wood is mainly used for fuel

Source: Estrella et al. (2005: 12), as Acacia farnesiana

Source: Thulin (1983, as Acacia farnesiana)

Source: Ross (1979: 102, as Acacia farnesiana)

Source: Jafri (1978, as Acacia farnesiana)

Source: Brenan (1970, as Acacia farnesiana)

Source: Ross (1979: 102, as Acacia farnesiana)

Source: Brenan (1959, as Acacia farnesiana)

Source: Ern (1984, as Acacia farnesiana)

Source: Brenan (1959, as Acacia farnesiana)

Source: Ross (1979: 102, as Acacia farnesiana)

Source: Lock & Simpson (1991:10, as Acacia farnesiana)

Source: NSW WeedWise website

Source: Fl. Australia 11A: 205 (2001, as Acacia farnesiana)

Source: Rico Arce (2007: 84, as Acacia farnesiana var. farnesiana)

Source: Zamora Villalobos (2010))

Source: Rico Arce (2007: 84, as Acacia farnesiana var. farnesiana)

Source: Liogier (1985, as Acacia farnesiana)

Source: Rico Arce (2007: 84, as Acacia farnesiana var. farnesiana)

Source: Liogier (1985, as Acacia farnesiana)

Source: Rico Arce (2007: 84, as Acacia farnesiana var. farnesiana)

Source: Howard (1988, as Acacia farnesiana)

Source: Rico Arce (2007: 84, as Acacia farnesiana var. farnesiana)

Source: Howard (1988, as Acacia farnesiana)

Source: Clarke et al. (1989: 560, as Acacia farnesiana var. farnesiana)

Source: Zamora Villalobos (2010)

Source: Standley & Steyermark (1946, as Acacia farnesiana)

Source: Clarke et al. (1989: 560, as Acacia farnesiana var. farnesiana)

Source: Seigler & Ebinger (2005: 156, as Acacia farnesiana)

Source: Stevens et al. (2001, as Acacia farnesiana)

Source: Schery (1950, as Acacia farnesiana)

Source: Maslin et al. (2019: 475); Wu & Nielsen (2010: 59, as Acacia farnesiana)

Source: Maslin et al. (2019: 475); Ye & Peng (2006: 222) & Wu & Nielsen (2010: 59), both as Acacia farnesiana

Source: Maslin et al. (2019: 475); Wu & Nielsen (2010: 59, as Acacia farnesiana)

Source: Maslin et al. (2019: 475)

Source: Walker (1976, as Acacia farnesiana)

Source: Wu & Nielsen (2010: 59, as Acacia farnesiana)

Source: Lock & Ford (2004: 69, as Acacia farnesiana)

Source: Heywood & Ball (1968: 84, as Acacia farnesiana)

Source: Voeltzkow (1917, as Acacia farnesiana)

Source: Du Puy & Villiers (2002: 231, as Acacia farnesiana); Boatwright et al. (2015: 293)

Source: Deshpande et al. (2019: 15); Kumar (198, as Acacia farnesiana)

Source: Polhill (1990, as Acacia farnesiana)

Source: Robertson (1989, as Acacia farnesiana); Friedmann (1994: 265, as Acacia farnesiana)

Source: Deshpande et al. (2019: 15); Sanjappa (1992: 39, as Acacia farnesiana)

Source: Deshpande et al. (2019: 15); Grierson & Long (1987, as Acacia farnesiana, reference cited in Roskov et al. 2005)

Source: Deshpande et al. (2019: 15); Chakrabarty & Gangopadhyay (1996: 610-611, as Acacia farnesiana)

Source: Deshpande et al. (2019: 15); Chowdhery & Wadhwa (1984, as Acacia farnesiana)

Source: Deshpande et al. (2019: 15); Sharma & Kachroo (1979, as Acacia farnesiana, reference cited in Roskov et al. 2005)

Source: Deshpande et al. (2019: 15); Singh (1988, as Acacia farnesiana, reference cited in Roskov et al. 2005)

Source: Deshpande et al. (2019: 15); Sanjappa (2000, as Acacia farnesiana, reference cited in Roskov et al. 2005)

Source: Deshpande et al. (2019: 15); Singh (1993, as Acacia farnesiana, reference cited in Roskov et al. 2005)

Source: Deshpande et al. (2019: 15); Chakrabarty & Gangopadhyay (1996: 610-611, as Acacia farnesiana)

Source: Deshpande et al. (2019: 15); Sanjappa (2000, as Acacia farnesiana, reference cited in Roskov et al. 2005)

Source: Deshpande et al. (2019: 15); Rao (1985, as Acacia farnesiana, reference cited in Roskov et al. 2005)

Source: Deshpande et al. (2019: 15); Sanjappa (2000, as Acacia farnesiana, reference cited in Roskov et al. 2005)

Source: Deshpande et al. (2019: 15); Bamber (1915, as Acacia farnesiana, reference cited in Roskov et al. 2005)

Source: Deshpande et al. (2019: 15); Shetty & Singh (1987, as Acacia farnesiana, reference cited in Roskov et al. 2005)

Source: Deshpande et al. (2019: 15); Grierson & Long (1987, as Acacia farnesiana, reference cited in Roskov et al. 2005)

Source: Deshpande et al. (2019: 15); Chakrabarty & Gangopadhyay (1996: 610-611, as Acacia farnesiana)

Source: Deshpande et al. (2019: 15); Kumar (2000)

Source: Deshpande et al. (2019: 15); Shah (1978, as Acacia farnesiana, reference cited in Roskov et al. 2005)

Source: Deshpande et al. (2019: 15); Pullaiah & Yesoda (1989, as Acacia farnesiana, reference cited in Roskov et al. 2005)

Source: Deshpande et al. (2019: 15); Hajra et al. (1996, as Acacia farnesiana, reference cited in Roskov et al. 2005)

Source: Deshpande et al. (2019: 15); Chakrabarty & Gangopadhyay (1996, as Acacia farnesiana)

Source: Deshpande et al. (2019: 15); Varma (1981, as Acacia farnesiana, reference cited in Roskov et al. 2005)

Source: Deshpande et al. (2019: 15); Maheshwari (1963, as Acacia farnesiana, reference cited in Roskov et al. 2005)

Source: Deshpande et al. (2019: 15); Shrestha (1998, as Acacia farnesiana, reference cited in Roskov et al. 2005)

Source: Deshpande et al. (2019: 15); Ali (2014: 2)

Source: Deshpande et al. (2019: 15); Kostermans (1980: 479)

Source: Isely (1998, as Acacia farnesiana)

Source: Clarke et al. (1989: 560, as Acacia farnesiana var. farnesiana)

Source: Isely (1998, as Acacia farnesiana)

Source: Clarke et al. (1989: 560, as Acacia farnesiana var. farnesiana)

Source: Smith (1985, as Acacia farnesiana)

Source: Wagner et al. (1990: 641, as Acacia farnesiana)

Source: Fosberg et al. (1979, as Acacia farnesiana)

Source: Zamora Villalobos (2010)

Source: Jørgensen et al. (2014)

Source: Morim & Barros (2015)" target="_blank">Morim & Barros (2015): DON’T POST TO WWW

Source: Zamora Villalobos (2010)

Notes: This record of V. farnesiana for Chile is based on Zamora Villabos (2010) that was cited (as Acacia farnesiana) on TROPICOS. David Seigler (pers. comm., Feb. 2024) commented that as V. farnesiana occurs in Peru it is possible that it is native in Chile, however, it could be introduced [more study needed].

Source: Zamora Villalobos (2010)

Source: Rico Arce (2007: 85, as Acacia farnesiana var. farnesiana)

Source: Zamora Villalobos (2010)

Source: Macbride (1943, as Acacia farnesiana)

Source: Zamora Villalobos (2010)

Source: Deshpande et al. (2019: 15); Lakshminarasimhan (1999: 442, as Acacia farnesiana)

Source: Nielsen (1981: 46) & Dy Phon (2000: 4), both as Acacia farnesiana

Source: Lock & Ford (2004: 69, as Acacia farnesiana)

Source: Nielsen (1981: 46) & Newman et al. (2007: 178), both as Acacia farnesiana

Source: Lock & Ford (2004: 69, as Acacia farnesiana)

Source: Yi (1971: 35, as Vauchellia farnesiana)

Source: Lock & Ford (2004: 69)

Source: Lock & Ford (2004: 69) & Pelser (2013), both as Acacia farnesiana

Source: Nielsen (1985a: 164, as Acacia farnesiana)

Source: Nielsen (1981: 46, as Acacia farnesiana)

Source: Lock & Simpson (1991:10, as Acacia farnesiana)

Source: Lock & Simpson (1991: 10, as Acacia farnesiana)

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Vachellia farnesiana (L.) Wight & Arn., Prodr. Fl. Ind. Orient. 1: 272 (1834)

SYNONYMY

DISTRIBUTION

TYPE INFORMATION

FURTHER INFORMATION